June 10: Arab Revolt against the Ottoman caliphate
On June 10, 1916 (7/8 Sha’ban 1334 AH), Ottoman garrison positions in Mecca came under attack on the orders of Sharif Hussein bin Ali, the British-backed emir of Mecca. Historians regard the event as the true beginning of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman caliphate, although only a section of the Arabs took part in the uprising.
June 13: Founding of the Cairo-based Abbasid caliphate
On June 13, 1261 (5/6 Rajab 659 AH), the reign of Ahmad al-Mustansir, the first caliph of the Cairo-based Abbasid caliphate, began. He was the first Abbasid caliph installed under the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
Al-Mustansir was an uncle of al-Musta’sim Billah. He escaped with his life when Baghdad fell to the Mongol invasion in 1258 and went into hiding among various Bedouin tribes in the desert. He later came to Cairo after the Mamluks defeated and repelled the Mongols. There, Baybars installed him as caliph, marking the start of a new line of the Abbasid caliphate in Cairo.
June 16: Sultan Bayezid I assumes the Ottoman caliphate
On June 16, 1389 (11/12 Jumada al-Sani 791 AH), the reign of Bayezid I began. He was better known as “Ilderim” (thunderbolt or lightning). Bayezid was the son of Murad I. His father died on June 15, 1389, after the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Kosovo. He ascended the throne the following day.
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